Hyderabad

Hyderabad

·        Introduction

Hyderabad (/ˈhaɪdərəbɑːd/ (About this sound listen) HY-dər-ə-bad) is the capital of the Indian state of Telangana and de jure capital of Andhra Pradesh. Occupying 650 square kilometers (250 sq mi) along the banks of the Musi stream, Hyderabad town contains a population of regarding vi.9 million and about 9.7 million in Hyderabad Metropolitan Region, making it the fourth most populous city and sixth most populous urban agglomeration in India. At an average altitude of 542 meters (1,778 ft), much of Hyderabad is situated on hilly terrain around artificial lakes, including Hussain Sagar—predating the city's founding—north of the city center.

Established in 1591 by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, Hyderabad remained below the rule of the Qutb Shahi sept for nearly a century before the Mughals captured the region. In 1724, Mughal viceroy Asif Jah I declared his sovereignty and created his own folk, called the Nizams of Hyderabad. The Nizam's dominions became a princely state throughout the land rule, and remained thus for one hundred fifty years, with the city serving as its capital. The city continued because the capital of Hyderabad State once it had been brought into the Indian Union in 1948, and have become the capital of state when the States Reorganization Act, 1956. Since 1956, Rashtrapati Nilayam within the town has been the winter workplace of the President of India. In 2014, the fresh shaped state of Telangana split from state and also the town became the joint capital of the 2 states, a shift arrangement regular to finish by 2025.

Relics of Qutb Shahi and Nizam rule stay visible; the Charminar—commissioned by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah—has a return to symbolize Hyderabad. Golconda fort is another major landmark. The influence of Mughlai culture is evident in the region's distinctive cuisine, which includes Hyderabadi biryani and Hyderabadi haleem. The Qutb Shahis and Nizams established Hyderabad as a cultural hub, attracting men of letters from totally different elements of the globe. Hyderabad emerged as a result of the foremost center of culture in India with the decline of the Mughal Empire inside the mid-19th century, with artists migrating to town from the rest of the Indian subcontinent. The Telugu industry primarily based within the town is that the country's second-largest producer of motion photos.

Hyderabad was traditionally called a pearl and diamond commerce center, and it continues to be known as the "City of Pearls". Many of the city's ancient bazaars keep open, including Laad Bazaar, Begum Bazaar, and Sultan Bazaar. Industrialization throughout the twentieth century attracted major Indian analysis, producing and money establishments, including Defence Research and Development Organization, Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, the National Geophysical Research Institute and the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology. Special economic zones dedicated to info technology have inspired firms from India and around the world to line up operations in Hyderabad. The emergence of pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries within the Nineties LED to the area's naming as India's "Genome Valley". With AN output of US$74 billion, Hyderabad is the fifth-largest contributor to India's overall

·       History

·       Toponymy

According to John Everett-Heath, the author of Oxford Concise Dictionary of World Place Names, Hyderabad means "Haydar's city" or "lion city", from Haydar (lion) and ābād (city), and was named to honour the caliph Ali Ibn Abi Talib, who was also known as Haydar because of his lion-like valour in battles. Andrew Petersen, a scholar of Islamic architecture, says the city was originally known as Baghnagar (city of gardens). One common theory suggests that the founding father of town, Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah of the source state, named it after Bhagmati, a local dance (dancing) lady with whom he had fallen crazy. She reborn to Islam and adopted the title, Hyder Mahal. The city was named as Hyderabad in her honor.

According to German person Heinrich von Poser, whose travelog of the Deccan was translated by Gita Dharampal-Frick of Heidelberg University, there have been 2 names for the city: "On three Dec 1622, we tend to reached town of Bagneger or Hyderabad, the seat of the king ruler Mehemet Culi Cuttub Shah and also the capital of the kingdom". French person Jean Delaware Thévenot visited the Deccan region in 1666–1667 refers to city in his book Travels in India as "Bagnagar and Aiderabad".

·       Early and medieval history

Archaeologists excavating near to city have unearthed Iron Age sites that may return 5 hundred BCE.The region comprising modern Hyderabad and its surroundings was known as Golkonda (Golla Konda-"shepherd's hill"),and was dominated by the Chalukya folk from 624 Ce to 1075 Ce.[9] Following the dissolution of the Chalukya empire into four parts in the 11th century, Golkonda came under the management of the Kakatiya folk from 1158, whose seat of power was at Warangal, 148 km (92 mi) northeast of modern Hyderabad.

The Kakatiya dynasty was reduced to a vassal of the Khalji dynasty in 1310 after its defeat by Sultan Alauddin Khalji of the Delhi Sultanate. This lasted till 1321, once the Kakatiya folk was annexed by leader Kafur, Allaudin Khalji's general. throughout this era, Alauddin Khalji took the Koh-i-Noor diamond, that is claimed to have been mined from the Kollur Mines of Golkonda, to Delhi. Muhammad bin Tughluq succeeded to the Delhi sultanate in 1325, bringing Warangal under the rule of the Tughlaq dynasty until 1347 when Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah, a governor under bin Tughluq, rebelled against Delhi and established the Bahmani Sultanate in the Deccan Plateau, with Gulbarga, 200 km (124 mi) west of Hyderabad, as its capital. The Hyderabad space was below the management of the Musunuri Nayaks at now, who, however, were forced to cede it to the Bahmani Sultanate in 1364. The Bahmani kings dominated the region till 1518 and were the primary freelance Muslim rulers of the Deccan.