Gujranwala

Gujranwala

·        Introduction

Gujranwala (Punjabi, Urdu: گوجرانوالا‎) could be a town in Punjab, Pakistan, that's situated north of the near city of city. The city is Pakistan's 7th most-populous metropolitan area, and its 5th most populous city proper. Founded within the eighteenth century, Gujranwala could be a comparatively trendy city compared to the various near millennia-old cities of northern Punjab. The city served because the capital of the Sukerchakia Misl state between 1763 and 1799, and is that the birthplace of the founding father of the Sikh Empire, maharajah Ranjit Singh.

Gujranwala is currently Pakistan's third largest industrial Centre when city and city, and contributes five-hitter of Pakistan's national value. Town is an element of a network of huge urban centres in north-east Punjab province that forms one of Pakistan's mostly highly industrialized regions. Along with the nearby cities of Sialkot and Gujrat, Gujranwala forms part of the so-called Golden Triangle of industrial cities with export-oriented economies.

·        Etymology

Gujranwala's name means "Abode of the Gujjars" in Punjabi, and was named in reference to the Gujjar tribe of nomads and grazers that live in northern Punjab. One local narrative suggests that city was named in respect to a particular Gujjar, Choudhry Gujjar, owner of the city's Persian wheel that provided water to the town. proof suggests, however, that the city derives its name from Serai Gujran - a village once located near what is now Gujranwala's Khiyali Gate.

·       History

·       Founding

The exact origins of Gujranwala are unclear. Unlike the traditional near  cities of city, Sialkot, and Eminabad, Gujranwala could be a comparatively trendy town. It may are established as a village within the middle of the sixteenth century. Locals historically believe that Gujranwala's original name was Khanpur Shansi, tho' recent scholarship suggests that the village was probably Serai Gujran instead - a village once settled close to what's currently Gujranwala's Khiyali Gate that was mentioned by many sources throughout the eighteenth century invasion of Ahmad Shah Durrani.

·       Sikh

Following the 1707 death of the last of the great Mughal emperors, Aurangzeb, and the subsequent decline of Mughal power, various Sikh states came to control the region around what is now modern Gujranwala.[8] Charat Singh, ruler of the Sukerchakia Misl Sikh estate and the local Muslim chief Muhammad Yar joined forces to defeat Nader Shah's 1738 invasion of the region, which might later culminate within the sacking of city.

Charat Singh had a fort built in the area between 1756 and 1758, which was laid siege to in September 1761 by Khwaja Ubaid, Governor of Lahore. He then elevated the city to status of capital of his Misl in 1763.Charat Singh's grandson Ranjit Singh was born in Gujranwala in 1780 in the city's Purani Mandi market, and would later established the Sikh Empire that would control Punjab until the arrival of the British.

Maharaja Ranjit Singh maintained Gujranwala as his capital at first when rising to power in 1792. His military commander, Hari Singh Nalwa, designed a high mud wall around Gujranwala throughout this era, and established the city's new grid street-plan that exists till gift day.Gujranwala remained Ranjit Singh's capital till he captured the near  previous Mughal capital of city from the Durranis in 1799, at that purpose the capital was moved  there, resulting in the relative decline of Gujranwala in favour of city. princess Jind Kaur, the last queen of Ranjit Singh and mother of Maharaja Duleep Singh, was born in Gujranwala in 1817.

By 1839, the city's bazaars were home to associate calculable five hundred outlets, while the city had been surrounded by a number of pleasure gardens, including one established by Hari Nalwa Singh that was famed for its large array of exotic plants.

·        British

The area was captured by Brits Empire in 1848, and rapidly developed thereafter.Gujranwala was incorporated as a municipality in 1867, and the city's Brandreth, Khiyali, and Lahori Gates built atop the location of a Sikh-era gates were completed in 1869.A new clocktower was built in central Gujranwala to mark the city's centre in 1906.

Christian missionaries were brought to the region during British colonial rule, and Gujranwala became home to numerous churches and schools. The city's first Presbyterian Church was established in 1875 in the Civil Lines area - a settlement built one mile north of the old city to house Gujranwala's European population. A theological seminary was established in 1877, and a Christian technical school in 1900.

The North-Western Railway connected Gujranwala with different cities in British India by hold in 1881.[8] The major Sikh higher learning institution, Gujranwala Guru Nanak Khalsa College, was founded in Gujranwala in 1889, though it later shifted to Ludhiana. The nearby Khanki Headworks were completed in 1892 under British rule, and helped irrigate 3 million acres in the province.Gujranwala's population, according to the 1901 census of British India, was 29,224.The city continued to grow rapidly for the remainder of British rule.

Riots erupted in Gujranwala following the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in Amritsar in April 1919, and were the most violent reaction to the British massacre in all of the Indian Subcontinent. Riots cause the harm of the city's depot, and burning of the city's Tehsil Office, Clock Tower, Dak Bangla, and city courts. Much of the city's historical record was burnt within the attacked offices. Protestors in the city, nearby villages, and a procession from Dhullay were fired upon with machine-guns mounted to low-flying planes, and subjected to aerial bombardment from the Royal Air Force below the management of Reginald Edward Harry skilled worker.